Plastic Waste in Australia
6
go so far as to label plastic manufacturing the “plan B for the fossil fuel industry”.
35
The
M
inderoo Foundation contends that “oil and gas companies are planning to ‘ride out’
decarbonisation in the transport and energy sectors by redirecting fossil fuels into
plastics.
”
36
This makes plastics a significant source of future global oil and gas demand.
37
Despite the increasing damage that plastic does to human health, animals and the wider
environment, this report shows that
Australia’s consumption of
plastic has increased
steadily this century, and forecasts are for continued growth. For many years, Australia has
dealt with its plastic waste crisis by shipping waste plastic overseas, burning or burying it.
This created an ‘out of sight, out of mind’ mentality.
But the 2022 collapse of REDcycle,
38
which was Australia’s largest soft
-plastics recycling scheme, raised important questions
about the viability and integrity of plastics recycling, and many of the nations that Australia
relied on to take its waste have now introduced laws that ban the importation of waste
plastics. This includes China’s ‘National Sword’ policy
, which was implemented in early
2018.
39
These bans prompted a reassessment of Australia’s plastic waste policies, and
resulted in an agreement between government and industry to achieve ambitious targets
for the recycling and reuse of plastic waste by 2025. These were set out in the
2025 National
Packaging Targets
and the
2019 National Waste Action Plan
.
40
Yet, despite these targets,
recycling rates continued to stagnate, and little progress was made on reducing the volume
of plastic waste going to landfill.
41
In 2023 Environment Minister Tanya Plibersek accepted
that the targets were unlikely to be met and set a new policy mandate for 100% of plastic to
be recycled or reused by 2040
–
targets she described as signaling that Australia was
35
Brigham (2022)
‘
How the fossil fuel industry is pushing plastics on the world
’
,
CNBC
,
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/29/how-the-fossil-fuel-industry-is-pushing-plastics-on-the-world-.html
36
The Minderoo Foundation (2021)
The Plastic Waste Makers Index
, p 63,
https://cdn.minderoo.org/content/uploads/2021/05/27094234/20211105-Plastic-Waste-Makers-Index.pdf
37
International Energy Agency (2018)
The future of petrochemicals
, p 3,
38
Vedelage and
Dowling (2022) ‘Coles, Woolworths recycling scheme collapses after secret stockpiles
revealed’,
The Age,
https://www.theage.com.au/national/coles-woolworths-recycling-scheme-collapses-
after-secret-stockpiles-revealed-20221107-p5bw9q.html
39
Wen et al (2021)
’China’s plastic import ban increases prospects of environmental impact mitigation of
plastic waste trade flow worldwide
’
,
Nature Communications
, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20741-9
40
See
Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation (
APCO) (2018)
Australia’s 2025 National Packaging Targets
,
https://apco.org.au/national-packaging-targets; Australian Government (2019)
National Waste Policy Action
Plan 2019
, https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/national-waste-policy-action-plan-
2019.pdf
41
APCO (2023)
Review of the 2025 National Packaging Targets: Final report
,
https://documents.packagingcovenant.org.au/public-
documents/Review%20of%20the%202025%20National%20Packaging%20Targets