Plastic Waste in Australia
12
Stagnant levels of plastic recovery
While some plastic remains in use by consumers for many years
–
in furniture, cars,
electronics and a host of other longer-lasting products
–
most plastic is discarded soon after
it is purchased. Single-use plastics, which are on the most extreme end of this scale, make
up over one-third of plastic produced worldwide.
61
The amount of plastic waste
62
that Australia generates is set to significantly increase, and by
2049
–
50 will reach a massive 146 kg per person.
63
This waste either ends up as landfill, goes
into waste incineration,
64
or is ‘recovered’ through recycling
,
65
energy recovery,
66
or
composting.
67
Recovery through these methods is often touted as the solution to the plastic
waste problem, but the reality of plastics recovery is much more complicated. Despite
concerted government efforts, recovery diverts just a fraction of plastic waste from landfill
or waste incineration.
Figure 4 below compares Australia’s
annual consumption of plastic with the amounts that
are disposed and recovered. The increasing volumes of plastic waste sent for disposal
closely follow the increase in consumption, while the amount recovered has continued to
lag far behind.
61
The Minderoo Foundation (2021)
The Plastic Waste Makers Index
, p 11
62
Defined as “any discarded, rejected, unwanted, surplus or abandoned matter, including where intended for
recycling, reprocessing, recovery, purification or sale”.
Ibid.
,
p 127.
63
DCCEEW (2022)
Australian Plastics Flows and Fates Study 2020
–
21,
p 38
64
The deposit of solid waste into an incinerator, excluding waste that is sent to energy recovery. Incineration
results in the destruction of waste material through burning.
Ibid.
,
p 122
65
Defined as the process by which solid wastes are collected, sorted, processed, and converted into raw
materials to be used in the production of new products. This excludes energy recovery and stockpiles. Ibid.,
p
126.
66
Defined as the combustion of waste plastics as either a fuel substitute or in specialised waste combustion
facilities to create heat. Ibid.,
p 122
67
Defined as biodegradable bioplastic-based articles that degrade and meets the requirements of the
Australian Standards for commercial composting and/or home composting. Ibid.
,
p 121