Plastic Waste in Australia
24
Policies to reduce plastic production
and consumption
The only effective way to tackle plastic pollution is to reduce production and consumption.
However, current policies do not include measures to cap or phase down the production
and consumption of plastics. This section of the report proposes a range of ways that the
consumption and production of plastic could be reduced on an intergovernmental,
governmental, community and individual level.
GOVERNMENTS
Plastic packaging tax
Plastic taxes are a promising area of reform and are currently being introduced overseas.
The European Union (EU), for example, is in the process of implementing a plastic packaging
tax
to “reduce packaging waste and stimulate Europe’s transition towards a circular
economy”
.
133
This tax is calculated by weight and levied at a uniform rate of
€800 per tonne
on non-recycled plastic packaging waste.
134
Initial estimates by KPMG indicate that this tax
will provide approximately
€7 billion per
year in revenue.
135
The EU divulges responsibility to
individual member states for how the tax can be paid: either directly from its state coffers,
or by designing domestic taxes to be levied on plastic products. Italy and Spain have opted
to partially pass the tax on to importers and producers of plastic, and this provides a useful
demonstration of the plastic tax in operation.
In Spain, each kilogram of non-reusable
plastic packaging is taxed at €0.45.
136
The tax is
applied to non-recycled packaging that cannot be reused (for example, when it cannot be
refilled multiple times). The tax, which is applied to the manufacture and importation of
plastic for final use within the Spanish market, is
predicted to raise €724 million in revenue
annually.
137
133
European Union (2018)
Proposal for a Council decision on the system of own resources of the European
Union
, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52018PC0325
134
KPMG (2023)
Plastic taxes
–
A European perspective
,
https://kpmg.com/xx/en/home/insights/2022/11/plastic-taxes-a-european-perspective.html
135
Ibid.
136
Since 1 January 2023. Ernst and Young (2022)
Spain introduces new indirect tax on non-reusable plastic
packaging as of 1 January 2023
, https://www.ey.com/en_gl/tax-alerts/spain-introduces-new-indirect-tax-on-
non-reusable-plastic-packaging-as-of-1-january-2023
137
Ibid.