Plastic Waste in Australia
25
The UK has also instituted a plastic packaging tax, levied on the manufacture or import of
plastic that contains less than 30% recycled plastic.
138
In this case plastic packaging is
charged at a rate of £210.82 per tonne.
139
In its first year, the tax raised £276 million.
140
While it is too early to tell how effective the policy has been, revenue projections
incorporate an adjustment to account for behavioural responses to the forward estimates.
Policy makers are anticipating that the tax will lead to a reduction in packaging use, and an
increase in recycled content, which will mean that less revenue is collected over time.
141
The
UK Government consequently
described the scheme as both driving “greater use of recycled
plastic and helping to reduce plastic waste”.
142
Given the effectiveness of these taxes in Europe, there is every reason to believe a similar
policy would help reduce plastic packaging waste in Australia. This tax could be levied on
businesses that import or manufacture plastic packaging in Australia, similar to what
happens in the UK, and in EU member states like Spain. As Figure 6 below shows, if Australia
taxed virgin plastic packaging at the same rate as the EU taxes non-recycled plastic waste
(€800 per tonne)
, it would translate to a tax of approximately $1,300 per tonne of virgin
plastic packaging.
143
The latest Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation report estimates
that 1.179 million tonnes of plastic packaging was placed on market in 2020-21 in
Australia.
144
Of this, approximately 1.12 million tonnes are estimated to be sourced from
virgin feedstocks.
145
If the estimated consumption of virgin plastic packaging was taxed at
this rate, it would raise $1.457 billion. To put this into context, the Australian Government
’s
138
UK Government (2023)
Plastic Packaging Tax: Steps to take
, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-
need-to-register-for-plastic-packaging-tax
139
Ibid. Since 1 April 2023
140
Speare-Cole (2023)
‘
HMRC collects £276m from plastic packaging tax in first year
’
,
Independent
,
https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/treasury-government-hmrc-environmental-services-
association-recycling-association-b2394739.html
141
UK Government (2023)
Introduction of Plastic Packaging Tax from April 2022
,
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/introduction-of-plastic-packaging-tax-from-april-
2022/introduction-of-plastic-packaging-tax-2021
142
UK Government (2019)
Government sets out plans to overhaul waste system
,
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-sets-out-plans-to-overhaul-waste-system
143
Estimated equivalent dollars per Euro based on the exchange rate as of 6 October 2023.
144
According to APCO, packaging is defined as being 'placed on market'
“
when it is first made available to the
end-consumer
”. See Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation (2023)
Australian Packaging Consumption
Recovery Data 2020-21
, p 114. Note that this figure is just for the consumption of plastic packaging and is not
to be confused with total plastic consumption (which includes packaging and non-packaging plastic).
Australian Packaging Covenant (2023)
Australian packaging consumption and recycling data 202-21
, p 2,
https://documents.packagingcovenant.org.au/public-
documents/Australian%20Packaging%20Consumption%20And%20Recovery%20Data%202020-21
145
Ibid,
p 7