Plastic Waste in Australia
26
Recycling Modernisation Fund
–
which is for many kinds of waste besides plastic
–
is worth
just $250 million.
146
Such a tax on plastics would provide nearly six times that amount.
Figure 6: Estimated revenue generated from an Australian Plastic Packaging Tax
Total plastic
packaging
Total virgin plastic
Tax levied
Total revenue
1,179,000 tonnes
1,121,000 tonnes
$1,300/tonne
$1.457 billion
Source:
Australian Packaging Covenant
(2023)
147
Making plastic more expensive, especially plastic that is made from virgin materials,
encourages companies to move to more sustainable materials or towards more recyclable
forms of plastics. This tax could also pay for the costs of increased recycling. It would also
make recycled plastic more competitive with virgin plastic, therefore providing a financial
incentive for industry to change its ways.
Producer responsibility programs
Another promising policy option is extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes in which
a
“producer’s responsibility for a product is extended to the post
-consumer stage of a
product’s life cycle”.
148
EPR polices ensure that producers pay for the costs imposed by a
product over its entire lifecycle, including waste management and recycling. EPR is thought
to incentivise better practice at the design stage, which can increase the resource efficiency
and lower the environmental impact of a product.
149
The UK is set to phase in extended producer responsibility laws from 2025.
150
The laws will
apply to all businesses with an annual turnover of £1 million who are responsible for using
25 tonnes of packaging or more.
151
These companies will bear responsibility for collecting
and reporting on supplied or imported packaging, and pay fees for waste management,
146
DCCEEW (2023)
Investing in Australia's waste and recycling infrastructure
,
https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/protection/waste/how-we-manage-waste/recycling-
modernisation-fund
147
Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation (2023)
Australian Packaging Consumption Recovery Data 2020-
21
, p 7
148
OECD (n.d.)
Extended Producer Responsibility
, https://www.oecd.org/environment/extended-producer-
responsibility.htm
149
UN Environment Program (n.d.)
Reducing plastic pollution through the Extended Producer Responsibility
,
https://www.unep.org/reducing-plastic-pollution-through-extended-producer-responsibility
150
UK Government (2023)
Update on packaging reforms to help drive down inflation
,
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/update-on-packaging-reforms-to-help-drive-down-inflation
151
UK Government (2022)
Extended producer responsibility for packaging: who is affected and what to do
,
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/extended-producer-responsibility-for-packaging-who-is-affected-and-what-to-
do